No doubt development of more advanced biomaterials, growth factors and stem cell derived products/factors and tissue transplantation methods based on cell regeneration programming will revolutionize the clinical therapeutics. These engineered MSCs assist in making self-assembling supramolecular hydrogels, which have larger applications in cell therapy of intractable diseases and tissue regeneration. It also explains use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and engineered MSCs as new diagnostic and potential therapeutic tools to remove sustained damage and complications from organ failures. It also explains different scaffold types, polymer hydrogels which are necessary for formation of microstructure, cell attachment, differentiation, tissue vascularization and integration. Present article also describes de-cellularization, cell printing, vascularization, integration of cross linking of methods for scaffolding of biomaterials to reproduce and recapitulate complexity in engineered tissues. Highly porous scaffold biomaterials are developed which act as templates for tissue regeneration and potentially guide the growth of new tissue. Present review article emphasizes role of biological scaffolds, hydrogels and stem cells in tissue engineering mainly in regeneration or repairing of damaged tissues.
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